Abstract : Dermoid cysts are rare entity observed in oral cavity. In the head and neck region dermoid cyst is most commonly found at the lateral eye brow followed by floor of mouth. Histologically they can be categorized into epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst and teratoma. Here we report a case of 28 years female who reported to us with a chief complaint of swelling in floor of mouth causing difficulty in swallowing and speech. Aspiration of swelling produced a keratin containing granular liquid. CECT was advised which showed a well-defined cystic lesion. Lesion was excised by extra oral submental incision under general anesthesia. Histologic examination showed dermoid cyst. After 4 months of follow up, there was no recurrence. Although this case could have been done intraorally we did it by submental incision to prevent the inadvertent iatrogenic injury to salivary gland ducts and other complications related to trans oral excision.

Keyword : Dermoid cyst, Submental incision, Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT)

Abstract : The cancer cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. About 86% of the cases occur in developing countries and is responsible for 88% of deaths. It constitutes about 11-30% of all cancer in women in India. The current estimates indicate that approximately 1,32000 new case are diagnosed each year with this disease in India and is responsible for 74,000 deaths annually, which accounts for the 1/3rd of the global deaths from cervical cancer. The present work is designed to study the epidemiological distribution of cervical cancer in Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Patna the capital city of the state of Bihar in India. The patient registry data of the hospital shows that the annual registered new patients from all cancers were 20,746. The cervical cancer constituted 14% of the patients. In this retrospective study 700 case notes were reviewed between 2013 -2014. Mean age at marriage was 15 years. Mean age for cervical cancer is 49.5 years and 80% of the patients were between the ages of 30-60 yrs. 55 % were pre-menopausal. Average parity is 4.92, 7% of women addicted to either tobacco chewing or bidi smoking. Only 1.8% had family history of cancer. 5% belong to the ethnic minority. 95% patients belong to the low socioeconomic status and 54% patients have never been to school. 71% of the patients were in stage 2b at the time of first clinical presentation, 24% stage 3, 4% stage 4 and only 1% patients were in stage1. 50% of the patients belong to 6 districts which fall in Gangetic belt. It is concluded from the study that 99% patients reported at stage 2b and beyond. Poverty and ill literacy were the two key factors identified for high incidence of cervical cancer. Most cases belong to Gangetic belt of Bihar.

Keyword : Cervical Cancer, Bihar, Gangetic belt, parity.

Abstract : The incorporation of a polymer into the spray drying process may have enhanced the bioavailability of the mangosteen rind powder. To clarify the relationship between mangosteen rind powder and schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder the thesis describing the pilot study was revisited and interpreted. The health of the cell is compromised early in schizophrenia and affective disorder, evidenced by impaired antioxidant defences and oxidative stress. A neurobiological feature of schizophrenia is apoptosis (cell death). Higher levels of glutathione S-transferases are likely to promote cell viability instead of apoptosis and act as a biomarker for schizophrenia. Mangosteen rind powder is likely to improve the level of glutathione S-transferases; however an assay would potentially confirm this assumption. The pilot study confirms that mangosteen rind powder capsules show a positive signal of efficacy and effectiveness in schizophrenia and affective disorder for people without a co-morbid medical condition. The treatment was delivered safely and well tolerated amongst the cohort over a period of 180 days. These findings support the supplementation of mangosteen rind powder capsules at the dose of 1000mg/day for the augmented treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders. The findings will also be discussed in terms of disability burden and the mental health system.

Keyword : neuropsychiatry, neuroprotection, cytoprotection, biomarker, pericarp

Abstract : Rasamanikya is a herbo mineral preparation used extensively in Ayurvedic treatment. This is prepared using haratala (arsenic tri oxide) by the process of bhavana (wet trituration) and exposure to high temperature. This drug in minute quantities is said to be effective against respiratory ailments, skin diseases and fever. Rasamanikya was evaluated for safety in Wistar rats by sub acute (28 days) and chronic toxicity (90 days) studies. The test drug was given up to three times of its therapeutic dose orally. The test drug did not cause mortality or signs of toxicity in Wistar rats in both the studies. No major changes were observed with respect to hematology, and biochemical parameters. Post mortem of the animals did not reveal any gross pathology of internal organs. Histopathology changes observed in few groups were minimal and were of reversible type. Rasamanikya was found to be safe up to 54 mg/kg body weight in Wistar rats.

Keyword : Rasamanikya, Wistar rats, Sub acute toxicity, chronic Toxicity.

Abstract : We are reporting a case of impending hemi-central retinal artery occlusion in a hypertensive patient. A 50 year old male presented with complaints of multiple episodes of transient painless mono-ocular obscuration of vision (Amaurosis fugax) in right eye for last 2 months. He was a known case of hypertension for last 2 years with poor compliance of medicines. At the time of presentation he had best corrected visual acuity in his right eye of 20/40. On fundus examination yellowish white plaques were visible in superior 1st order branches of central retinal artery along with ocular ischemic syndrome and grade III hypertensive retinopathy. Carotid Doppler and Fluorescein Angiography were performed and ECG, Echocardiography, Complete blood count including Lipid profile were advised. The arterio-venous transit time was delayed along with occluded superior 1st order branches of central retinal artery on Fluorescein Angiography and Carotid Doppler showed Type 1 plaque formation in the posterior wall of left carotid bulb. The blood investigations were suggestive of deranged lipid profile. We prescribed Aspirin/Atorvastatin combination (75/10), Cyclandelate Tablets and Brimonidine Timolol combination eye drop.

Keyword : Hemicentral retinal Artery occlusion, Amaurosis fugax.

Abstract : aim: to evaluate the awareness of 6th year dental students in Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy toward basic knowledge of Orthodontics, and to assess the adequacy of the courses that are given. Material and method: A structured questionnaire was developed containing 18 questions, The questions addressed various aspects such as the understanding of orthodontics by dental students in their final year, their opinion regarding orthodontic treatment planning for patients and knowledge regarding functional appliances and similar concepts pertaining to orthodontic treatment of patients. An online survey was developed using survey monkey tool (www.surveymonkey.com) Result: The average knowledge of male and female was adequate, there is no statistically significant difference between them, The result shown that majority of the respondent (70.5%) rated their theoretical information as adequate. In other hand, majority of them rated their practical exercise and clinical exposure as not enough. Conclusion: The result of this investigation revealed that the basic orthodontic knowledge of 6th year dental students of Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy both males and females is generally adequate 

Keyword : orthodontic, knowledge, undergraduate student.

Abstract : The crucial factor for the locomotion of rats is the activity of forelimbs. Impairment of the control of a single forelimb brings alteration of motor activity of a degree that could be identified in the open field test. Three groups of adult Wistar rats were used: A Control group A (healthy animals), Marcain group B (blockade of the nerves of the right forelimb plexus by Marcain), Sham group C (Aqua for injection was used instead of Marcain). For the horizontal locomotion the average time spent in locomotion (s), average distance travelled (m) and average speed of locomotion (m/s) during one hour, at time intervals of ten minutes were recorded. Results confirm the role of forelimbs for locomotion of rats - inactivation of one forelimb brings reduction of all parameters of locomotion (p <0.001). Paradoxically, no difference in any of the studied parameters of locomotion was found between the experimental groups B (Marcain) and C (Sham). The malfunction of the forelimb in sham group could be explained by volumetric effect of the fluid injection. Open field test is sufficiently sensitive method for registration of functional impairment of a single forelimb but it is not adequate to distinguish effect of local anaesthesia from the fluid compression.

Keyword : Peripheral nerve, locomotor activity, open field test, rat

Abstract : Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, emotional and psychological symptoms experienced by at least 85% of the women in the reproductive age group. The symptoms start a few days after ovulation and continue till menstrual flow occurs after which it ceases. It is a major difficulty experienced by females, given its monthly occurrence. The aim of this study is to determine variations if any in heart rate and blood pressure of females during various stages of menstrual cycle. The study population, consisting of fifty first MBBS students in the age group of 17-20 years, was divided into PMS and non-PMS groups with the help of a symptom tracker that was filled by the candidates over a period of two months. During these two months, the blood pressure and heart rate of each subject was recorded on the 2nd, 12th and 22nd days corresponding to the menstrual, post-menstrual and pre-menstrual phases. Statistical analysis was done for the data obtained using one way ANOVA. It was found that the systolic blood pressure and heart rate showed significant variations in the PMS group. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be lowest during the menstrual phase (101.9 ± 0.79) which then steeply rose to 117.8 ± 0.99 during the pre-menstrual phase. It was also seen that the menstrual phase SBP of PMS subjects was lower than that of the Non-PMS subjects (111.64 ± 0.96). The heart rate also showed similar variations. From this study, it was concluded that pre-menstrual syndrome can affect systemic parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Keyword : Menstrual cycle, Pre-menstrual syndrome, blood pressure, heart rate

Abstract : BACKGROUND Drug is a double edged sword, despite its benefits, is been always associated with adverse experiences. We conducted a Questionnaire Survey on role of healthcare professionals in detecting, reporting and documenting adverse drug reactions. METHODS A self-administered Questionnaire Survey was conducted to know the attitude, knowledge and practice oriented issues prevailing among the study site and among the healthcare professionals. Patients admitted to General Medicine Department over a period of 9 months were assessed for ADRs through daily ward visit by the pharmacist. A total of 51 ADRs were identified in 3722 general medicine ward admissions during the study period. RESULTS Severity of the suspected ADRs assessed using Modified Hartwig and Siegel Scale, revealed that 4(7.8%) suspected ADRs were severe, 27 (52.94%) ADRs were moderate and 20 (39.21%) ADRs were mild in severity. The study revealed that 29 (56.8%) ADRs were possibly drug-related, whereas 17 (33.33%) were classified as probably or definitely related to the drug and 22(43.13%) ADRs were possibly drug-related, 16(31.41%) ADRs were probably drug-related, whereas 11(21.56%) were classified as certainly related to drug on assessment with Naranjo and WHO scale.12 patients (23.52%) were admitted due to an Adverse Drug Reaction compared to 39(76.47%) who were affected by ADR after hospital admission. The majority (40%) of patients who suffered from ADRs were above 60 years. System most commonly affected were Dermatological in -15(29.41%) patients, Gastrointestinal in 13 (25.49%) patients, CNS in 8(15.68%) patients, followed by Cardiovascular in 2 (3.92%) patients. The drug class mostly associated with ADR was Antibiotics in 16(31.3%) cases, followed by NSAID in 8(15.68%). In 41 (80.34%) cases the drug was withdrawn, dose altered in 7(15.6%) and no change was made in 3(5.8%) patients. Adverse reactions encountered were treated and the final outcome was measured. About 43(84.3%) patients recovered, while in 7(13.7%) cases the ADRs decreased. One fatal case was reported. CONCLUSION The study strongly suggests that there is greater need for streamlining of hospital based ADR reporting and monitoring system to create awareness and to promote the reporting of ADR among healthcare professionals of the country. Our study revealed that pharmacists' involvement could not only greatly increase the reporting rate but also quality reporting. 

Keyword : ADR,Questionnaire survey,Causality assessment

Abstract : To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. A retrospective multi-centric study was conducted in adult type 2 diabetic patients on pioglitazone combination therapy across seven centres. Percentage of patients achieving glycemic control (HbA1C level < 7%) with pioglitazone combination therapy was the primary efficacy endpoint. Safety was evaluated by recording adverse events. 602 patients (58.0 % male; 42 % female) with mean age of 56.0 (+10.65) were enrolled in the study. Family history of diabetes was present in 41.5 %patients. Pioglitazone was commonly prescribed in combination with metformin and glimepiride (24.8%).The mean duration of pioglitazone combination therapy was 3.36 (+2.29) years. Comorbid conditions such as hypertension and dyslipidemia were present in 48.7% and 48.5% patients respectively in this study. Proportion of patients with HbA1c ≥7% decreased from 85.2% to 53.5% after pioglitazone therapy. 1.6% reduction in mean HbA1c was observed after pioglitazone therapy (8.8% to 7.2%). Reduction in mean fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose was 45.2 mg/dl (169.5 mg/dl to 124.3 mg/dl) and 61.5 mg/dl (246.8 mg/dl to 185.3 mg/dl) respectively, after pioglitazone therapy.. There was no safety events observed with the use of pioglitazone based therapies. Pioglitazone combination therapy is found to be effective and safe in adult type 2 diabetes Indian patients.

Keyword : Pioglitazone, retrospective study, Indian patients

Abstract : Lipids play a vital role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease by causing hyperlipidemia which in turn, leads to the development of atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidaemia is found to be one of the greatest risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. The available hypolipidaemic drugs have been associated with number of side effects and people are interested in natural therapies. Our previous studies proved that Spermacocehispida exhibit cardio-protective effects by several mechanisms. Spermacocehispida possesses significant anti-oxidant and cardioprotective activities. The present study aimed to investigate the hypolipidaemic effects of Spermacocehispida seed extract on isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiotoxic rats. Two different doses of the Hydro alcoholic extract of plant such as 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was used to prove the hypolipidaemic activity against 100mg/kg body weight of (ISO).After administration of S. hispida shows a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and significant increase in the level of HDL in serum and heart tissues. Therefore it effectively suppressed the ISO induced hyperlipidemia in rats, suggesting the potential protective role in Coronary heart disease.

Keyword : Myocardial infarction, isoproterenol, antioxidant and coronary heart disease

Abstract : Objective: Decentering is a process in which a shift in perspective is undertaken towards an observer-like, non-judgmental stance towards self-related thoughts and feelings. In patients with depression, improving decentering abilities reduces the probability of relapse. However, it is important to clarify the causes for different decentering abilities. Hence, the role of affective components, aspects of attention, perspective taking and cognitive skills for decentering abilities remain to be elucidated. Method: In the present investigation decentering, depressiveness and attention attributes were measured in 60 individuals using standardized questionnaires. Cognitive skills were indicated by IQ measures, and judgments on cognitive abilities were specified on a 6-point Likert-scale. Perspective-taking abilities were measured by reaction times and error-rates using a paradigm that required referring to different perspectives during performance. Results: Data reveal negative associations between decentering, depressiveness and an inflexible self-attentive focus. Although IQ and IQ-judgments were associated as expected, no association was detected between decentering and IQ. Only one decentering factor was related to reaction times in a condition of the perspective-taking paradigm. Conclusions: We conclude that affective components and aspects of self-focused attention play a significant role for decentering abilities as opposed to more basal cognitive abilities.

Keyword : Depression, metacognition, decentering, attention, IQ, perspective taking

Abstract : Background & Objectives: Gestational diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by carbohydrate intolerance first during pregnancy associated with foetal and maternal complications. Objectives: To assess the pregnancy outcome as influenced by dietary versus insulin management among GDM mothers Methods: A total of 102 pregnant women, visiting the antenatal clinic of Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore were recruited for the study, classified as control and GDM groups based on the blood glucose levels using IADPSG guidelines, each group consisted of 51subjects. GDM group was further classified as diet managed group (n=23) and insulin managed group (n=28) depending on the modes of management. Biochemical profile was analysed and recorded in both groups Results: Non-significantly higher term weight and a lower gestation week of delivery (37 ±1.51 weeks) and significantly higher HbA1c (6.5±1.02%) was observed in the insulin managed group when compared to the diet managed group, while, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the diet managed group (p<0.03 and 0.007) respectively. Caesarean section was common in both groups. The mean birth weight of the infants in both groups was comparable (2.9±0.3 and 2.8±0.52 kg). Whereas, significantly higher serum bilirubin levels were observed in infants born to insulin managed women (9 ±4.78 mg/dl), indicating a poor morbidity status in these infants. Interpretation & Conclusion: Medical nutrition therapy and insulin initiation are the two modes of blood glucose management in GDMs which aids in preventing complications and influencing near to normal pregnancy outcome.

Keyword : Gestational Diabetics, Morbidity status, Caesarean section, Antenatal clinic