Archive : Volume - 5, Issue - 3, Month - March
1 Chronotherapeutics – A Novel Drug Delivery Systems In The Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Diseases
- C. Murali Krishna Goud* ,
- A . Mallishwar ,
- A . Manoj Kumar ,
- A . Trinath ,
- B . Swapna
- Abstract
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- Download : 206
- Google Citation
- Journal DOI : 10.46624/bjmhr.2018.v5.i03.001
- Certificate
Abstract : Chronotherapeutics also known as pulsatile drug delivery system deals with the study of the temporal changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination and thus takes into account the influence of time of administration on these different steps and it focuses on the release of a drug after a lag time at a particular site in order to maintain constant blood levels of a particular drug matching circadian rhythms of various diseases. Circadian time dependent differences are also seen in pharmacokinetics of many classes of medications like cardiovascular active drugs, NSAID’s, antidepressants, anti hypertensives, local anesthetics, H1 and H2 antagonists etc. The role of circadian rhythms in the mechanisms of disease and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications constitutes a challenge to drug-discovery and drug-delivery scientists. We must strive to develop intelligent drug-delivery systems that can affect a target cell or organ system at that circadian time when it is possible to optimize desired therapeutic outcomes and minimize or avert adverse effects. The recent advances in pulsatile drug delivery technology are CODAS, ACCU-BREAK, SODAS, IPDAS, DMDS Technology etc.
Keyword : Chronotherapeutics, Drug delivery, pulsatile drug delivery systems , Drug administration routes, CODAS, ACCU-BREAK.
2 The incidence of decolonizing patients of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage undergoing breast cancer surgery in the Netherlands.
- Gerda Lelieveld* ,
- Anneke Zeillemaker ,
- Peter Neijenhuis
- Abstract
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- Google Citation
- Journal DOI : 10.46624/bjmhr.2018.v5.i03.002
- Certificate
Abstract : Introduction
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the leading nosocomial (hospital acquired) pathogen in hospitals globally, resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality and additional costs. Breast cancer wound infection can delay and even cause the omission of necessary adjuvant oncological treatment. Nasal carriers of S. aureus are a well defined risk factor for subsequent infections with this organism. Decolonization of nasal and extra nasal sites preoperative can reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) with S. aureus.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patients screened with S. aureus nasal carriage on the incidence of SSI in a breast cancer surgery population.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed between April 2009 and December 2016 including all patients undergoing a breast cancer surgery. Patients were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage and, when tested positive, were subsequently treated with mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine soap. The control group was a cohort of patients from April 2009 till July 2011, who were not screened and not received treatment.
Results
A total of 1543 patients were included in this study. The rate of S. aureus infection was 1.1% (12 of 1071) for patients who were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage as compared with 2.5 % (12 of 472) for patients who were not screened for S. aureus carriage (relative risk of infection, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.194 to 0.974; p=0.038).
Conclusion
The number of surgical site for patients infected with
S. aureus who were also operated for breast cancer can be significantly reduced by screening and decolonizing nasal carriers of S. aureus on admission.
Keyword : Keywords: Screening, Treatment, Nasal carriage
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