Abstract : Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complex; heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menses, hyperandrogenism, and infertility. Aims: To study the outcome of laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clinical presentations in form of cycle pattern, acne & Hirsiutism in addition to their conception among infertile Sudanese patients with PCOS.Methods: A hospital based cohort study which was conducted in two hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan; Omdurman Maternity Hospital & Saad Abu Elela hospital from January to December 2018.Targeted 145 infertile patients diagnosed as PCOS based on Rotter-Dam criteria 2003 definition and who did not conceive after diet, lifestyle and clomiphene; underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD).data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires before the drilling ,then the patient was followed in 3 month time concerning the Clinical Presentations, and Conception Results: 65(44.8%) out of 145 infertile patients age was between 21-30 yrs, 67(46.2%) were obese with BMI >30; 90 (62.1%) of participants had irregular cycle., Hirsiutism was seen in 55 (37.9%) and acne was observed in 89 (61.4%). After laparoscopic drilling, 55.2% of patients had normal cycle pattern, amenorrhea & menorrhagia dropped to 3.5% & 11.7% respectively. About 46.2% had normal weight .Acne was seen in 32(22.2%) & Hirsiutism present in 42(19.3%) and 43 (29.6%) get pregnancy, BMI, acne & Hirsiutism before and after LOD were correlated using Chi square P value was 0.001, 0.002, and 0.007 respectively which was significant at (P ≥0.05). Conclusion: The path physiology of PCOS improves, after LOD concerning clinical presentations, & conception. Management of PCOS is essential to address patient concerns, prevent metabolic, & endocrine complications.

Keyword : PCOS; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Drilling, Menstrual pattern, Acne, Hirsiutism, pregnancy

Abstract : Background: The Infobahn was basically executed to aid information transmitted and study bustle. Notwithstanding, the vivid boost in the adoption of the Infobahn in current generation has drive to noxious adoption, Infobahn Enslavement. The impact of Infobahn Enslavement involves the deterioration of academician achievement, intellectual interest and communication along companion and family appendage. Aim: To detect out the co-morbidities identify along Infobahn Enslavement in Physiotherapy College pupils in Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: This research was shepherd in Govt. physiotherapy college, Chhattisgarh, 750 pupils aged 16 years and above were using haphazardly chosen to draft pre-tested the census regarding Infobahn Enslavement, Ubiquity and Intellectual dilemma. Result: Physiotherapy College’s pupils in Boy 338 (45.06%), Girl 412 (54.9%), moderate consumer 61 (8.13%), attainable Enslavement 494 (66.13%), Enslavement 156 (20.8%). Conclusion: Physiotherapy College’s pupils 156 (20.8%) were pinpoint as Infobahn Enslavement, including they show penniless intellectual mental wellness and overweight obese

Keyword : Infobahn Enslavement, Ubiquity, Intellectual dilemma, Census, Chhattisgarh

Abstract : Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common Gram-negative bacteria that causes fatal nosocomial infections amongst hospitalized patients, especially immunocompromised subjects. The bacteria resist a wide variety of currently available antibiotics. One of the resistant mechanisms includes forming biofilms in the infected host, which prevents the accessibility of drugs to their respective bacterial cell targets. A novel strategy to overcome this antibiotic resistance mechanism is the use of antibiotics in combination with biofilm formation inhibitors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mulberry-leaf extracts on P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. The results of specific biofilm formation (SBF) index evaluations showed that mulberry-leaf ethanolic (256 g/ml) and ether extracts (32 g/ml) presented strong capacities (SBF index > 1.1) to reduce biofilm formation by 44.0% and 44.8%, respectively. Each plant extract anti-biofilm activity was tested further in combination with gentamicin (0.125 to 1,024 µg/mL) using the checkerboard method; however, no synergistic efficacy was observed. The MBEC and CLSM results revealed that the ether extract (32 g/ml) was effective against P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. This study should provide an alternative strategy for the effective treatment of deadly infections caused by the most common drug resistant bacteria, P. aeruginosa.

Keyword : Leaf Extracts, Mulberry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Biofilm

Abstract : The anticonvulsant activity of the methanol extract of Morinda lucida, a tropical shrub which have shown great medicinal value was evaluated using the suppression test against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and isoniazid (INH) induced convulsion. The pharmacognostic and acute toxicity studies were also carried out. This research is to evaluate anticonvulsant effectiveness in line with one of its ethnomedicinal use and also to establish the standards for the leaf for proper identification as well as its safety margin. The extract at the studied doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) showed a significant dose-dependent delay of the time of onset, peak of seizure, recovery and mortality from seizure. The percentage animal survival for PTZ- induced convulsion for 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg extract is 60, 40 and 60 % while diazepam (standard drug) gave 100 %. INH -induced convulsion also showed a significant delay as the dose increase for the time of onset, peak of seizure and mortality but there was no recovery for all the dose of extract used but 800 mg of the extract gave a significant delay in peak of seizure from the onset that was more than the peak of seizure of the standard drug (diazepam) used. The anticonvulsant activity of M. lucida may be attributed to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins, which have been found in phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the plant. The acute toxicity test on the crude extract showed no toxic effect at the higher dose of 5000 mg/kg which indicate the safety of the extract. The data obtained from pharmacognostic studies gave 11.00, 8.5, 1.00, 2.00, 6.50, 6.00 and 3.40 % of moisture content, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, water soluble extractive and alcohol soluble extractive yield respectively. From the study, it shows that Morinda lucida do possess anticonvulsant activity and justifies its use in folkloric medicine. The pharmacognostic features can be used in the standardization of M. lucida for proper identification of the plant and for possible inclusion in the Pharmacopoeia. Keywords: Morinda lucida, Phytochemical analysis, Pharmacognostic analysis, Acute toxicity, Anticonvulsant

Keyword : Morinda lucida, Phytochemical analysis, Pharmacognostic analysis, Acute toxicity, Anticonvulsant

Abstract : Background: Poor semen liquefaction is one of the causes of male infertility which has become a public health challenge in Nigeria. Abnormal sperm motility one of the commonest abnormalities detected in infertile males. The pathogenesis of poor liquefaction and solidification of semen are modulated by Semenogelin and some other secretions from male accessory organs. Objective: To evaluate the concentrations of Semenogelin and zinc in seminal plasma and to correlate the levels with percentage sperm motility. Materials and methods: Four hundred men, mean age 36.4±6.8 years who were evaluated for infertility and 100 men, mean age 40.2±6.6 years of proven fertility were consecutively recruited for the study. Following routine semen analysis, seminal plasma Semenogelin-1 and zinc were determined by ELISA technique and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry techniques respectively. Data generated were compared between groups and association between Semenogelin, zinc and percentage sperm motility was determined. Results: Seminal plasma Semenogelin level was higher (p<0.001) in infertile males irrespective of the sperm concentration than controls. On the other hand, seminal plasma zinc level was lower (p<0.001) among oligozoospermia and azoospermia than controls. The mean Semenogelin level was significantly higher (p<0.001) among asthenozoospermia than those with normal percent motility while mean seminal plasma zinc level in asthenozoospermia was lower (p<0.001) than those with normal percentage motility. Seminal plasma Semenogelin (R= -0.217; p<0.005) correlated negatively with asthenozoospermia and zinc (R= -0.148;p<0.05) but zinc correlated (R-0.150;p<0.05) positively with asthenozoospermia. Conclusion: Alterations in the levels of Semenogelin and zinc are associated with asthenozoospermia among infertile males.

Keyword : Male infertility, Sperm motility, Semenogelin, zinc.

Abstract : Homeopathy is a popular traditional alternative system of medicine. There is no review in literature reporting the Homeopathic pharmacy legislation in India, so this review was written to provide a rapid overview regarding homeopathy medicines and pharmacy legislation's within India. The review mainly covers origin, evolution and development of pharmacy within India in pre independence and post independence era. In India, the Homeopathic pharmacy mainly governs by The Drug and Cosmetic Act 1940 and Rules 1945. The question that, who regulate the homeopathy in India? also cover in review. The Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH) is a statutory body under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India regulate Homeopathy.

Keyword : Pharmacy Legislation, Homeopathy, Central Council, Ministry of AYUSH.

Abstract : OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the nature of stromal collagen fibers in different grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC) by using different connective tissue stains like Masson’s Trichrome ,Van Geison and Picrosirius stains and to understand the possible role of stroma in progression of OSCC MATERIALS AND METHOD: Total 44 cases of OSCC and 5 sections of controls were examined using three connective tissue special histochemical stains Results: In this study, we found a gradual change in polarizing colours of collagen fibers from orange red to yellowish green from well to poorly differentiated OSCC around the tumour islands Conclusion: It was observed that stromal changes at the invading front of tumour islands and with the progression of neoplasm can be evaluated more efficiently with the use of Picrosirius stain, Masson Trichrome stain and van Geison stain

Keyword : Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Collagen, Picrosirius red stain, polarizing colours, Masson Trichrome stain, van Geison stain

Abstract : ABSTRACT The inhibition activity of (2S)-cyanopyrrolidine analogues for dipeptidyl peptidase IV has been quantitatively analyzed in terms of topological 0D-, 1D- and 2D-descriptors based on molecular graph theory. Statistically sound models have been obtained between the activity and various DRAGON descriptors through combinatorial protocol-multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) computational procedure. Amongst the large number of such derived models, the most significant ones have only been discussed to draw meaningful conclusions. Additionally the inhibition activity for DPP8 enzyme, reported for a limited number of such congeners, has also been correlated with such descriptors. From the final statistically significant models, it appeared that the mode of actions of titled compounds were different for DPP IV and DPP8 enzyme systems. Applicability domain analysis carried out for DPP IV inhibitors revealed that the suggested model matches the high quality parameters with good fitting power and the capability of assessing external data and all of the compounds was within the applicability domain of the proposed model and were evaluated correctly.

Keyword : QSAR, DPP IV inhibitors, Combinatorial protocol in multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) analysis, Dragon descriptors, (2S)-cyanopyrrolidine analogues.

Abstract : ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and malnutrition and some risk factors among hospitalized children attending Al-Nasser paediatric hospital. A cross-sectional study among hospitalized children attending Al-Nasser paediatrics hospital. The study included 522 children during the period May 2002 to May 2003. Data collection was through blood specimens, anthropometric indices and the questionnaire. The present study included 522 children attending AL-Nasser Paediatric Hospital with 334 males (64.0%) and 188 females (36.0%). Those children are distributed into three regions; the city 316 (60.5%), the camp 181 (34.7%) and village 25 (4.8%). The present study showed that 326 (62.5%) were anaemic, while 220/522 (42.1%) were underweight, stunting were 172/522 (32.9%) and wasting 140/522 (26.8%). The present study indicated that underweight and wasting were lower among males (38.6%), (20.0%) compared to females (48.4%), (38.8%) with a significance level (p=0.02, p=0.001). Palestinian children at high risk of anaemia and malnutrition. These two conditions should be considered by health authorities and urgent need for immediate intervention should be taken to minimize the consequences. Keywords: Anemia, Malnutrition, Prevalence, Gaza, Children

Keyword : Anemia, Malnutrition, Prevalence, Gaza, Children

Abstract : Introduction: Post mastoidectomy facial nerve palsy is seen either immediately or after some delay following surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment is key to prevent fatal complications. Methodology: A set of 3 case series was studied who developed facial palsy after 7 to10 days of uneventful mastoid surgery. Serial photographs were taken to document the progression of the patients from disease to recovery after institution of therapy. Results - All 3 patients were completely recovered within 30 days. Conclusion: Delayed facial nerve palsy is rare. It can be due to virus reactivation, surgical stress, or laceration of the chorda tympani nerve with a resultant retrograde facial nerve edema. But with timely presentation & management, it has a good prognosis and recovery rate. A combined approach from the Otolaryngologist and the physiotherapist aids in the timely improvement of the patient.

Keyword : Bell’s Palsy, Facial Nerve Palsy, Mastoidectomy