Abstract : Renal agenesis is the absence of renal tissue due to defects in early embryonic development. It is often associated with other congenital abnormalities. The incidence of bilateral renal agenesis ranges from 0.1 to 0.3 per 1,000 births, making it a rare condition. Its diagnosis is mainly based on obstetric ultrasound by direct and indirect signs. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a higher sensitivity and specificity, and has its place when in doubt or when other anomalies are suspected. Management of bilateral renal agenesis relies primarily on prevention of pulmonary hypoplasia during pregnancy by amnioinfusion and correction of postpartum complications related to renal absence. Although the prognosis for bilateral renal agenesis is extremely poor and the risk of death in the neonatal period is high. We report a pregnancy in which prenatal ultrasound revealed anhydramnios and the absence of both fetal kidneys, To overcome the difficulties in obtaining accurate information on fetal ultrasound in cases of oligohydramnios, we used fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm renal status, wich confirmed fetal renal agenesis and provided a more accurate diagnosis. The neonate was born with a complex dysmorphic syndrome and died 45 minutes after birth due to respiratory distress.

Keyword : renal lodge, prenatal ultrasound, anydramniosis , amnioinfusion, medical termination of pregnancy, potter's syndrome.

Abstract : BACKGROUND: Both anemia and thyroid disorders are common public health problems with pregnant women being the most vulnerable group. The risk of maternal mortality has a direct correlation with the severity of IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia). OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to observe the prevalence of anemia and evaluate the level of thyroid hormones in pregnant women and to study their inter-relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 antenatal cases of women with the reproductive age group of 20-40 years have been included in the study. Subjects were categorized into three trimesters of pregnancy, viz. first trimester, second trimester and third trimester and their blood samples were analysed for biochemical and hematological parameters. RESULTS: It has been observed that 57% of pregnant women enrolled were anemic with Hb less than 11 g/dl. Based on the haematological studies, the anemic condition was due to the deficiency of iron. Further, thyroid function was found to be correlated with iron deficiency anemia. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 49% of anemic subjects. CONCLUSION: Subclinical hypothyroidism is more pronounced effect than overt hypothyroidism due to iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy as revealed from the data generated in the study. Screening of thyroid stimulating hormone in all pregnant women at time of first visit and treatment should be started if TSH <2.5IU/ml for healthy feto-maternal outcome. It has been established from the present study, that anemia can worsen this condition further, since iron deficiency is a major public health problem in developing country like India.

Keyword : Iron Deficiency Anemia, Pregnancy, TSH, T4, T3, Body Mass Index.

Abstract : Zavegepant is a calcitonin gene related peptide inhibitor which is a new class of drug for acute attack of migraine. It is present in the form of nasal spray for treatment of acute attack of migraine. The objective of study is to evaluate the efficacy , safety and tolerability of this drug for acute attack of migraine. The study was a randomized double blind control trial in which adults (>18 years) with migraine were included in the study. Patients were divided with the help of a web based interactive response system and treated a moderate intensity migraine attack with zavegepant nasal spray 10 mg or placebo. Efficacy was evaluated by relief of symptoms 2 hour after use of nasal spray. 110 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups – group A (57 patients) and group b ( 53 patients). Group A was treated with 10 mg zavegepant nasal spray and group B was given placebo. Group A patients showed the significant relief in symptoms with some showing minor adverse effects such as nausea and crusting in nose. In conclusion zavegepant nasal spray 10 mg is effective for the acute treatment of migraine with good safety profile and tolerability.

Keyword : Zavegepant , migraine.